ANS:B - reckless

No answer description is available. 

ANS:B - False

False, Always the macro is substituted by the given text/expression.

ANS:E - All the above.

According to textbook of Engineering geology by Kesavulu (para 17.3.6. Frost and fire resistance), all the statements are correct.

ANS:C - conducting and non-magnetic

Disc must be conducting otherwise eddy currents can not flow. It must be non-magnet, i.e., so that it does not affect the measurement.

ANS:A - in towers packed with stacked packing.

Channelling, a phenomenon where the liquid or gas flow preferentially follows certain paths through the packing material, is most severe in towers packed with stacked packing. Stacked packing consists of layers of structured packing elements stacked on top of each other in a column. The regular arrangement of these packing elements can create preferential flow channels, leading to uneven distribution of the liquid or gas across the column cross-section. This uneven distribution can result in reduced mass transfer efficiency, lower separation performance, and decreased column efficiency. In contrast, towers packed with randomly packed crushed solids or dumped packing of regular units typically exhibit more chaotic flow patterns, which can help mitigate the occurrence of channelling. Randomly packed or dumped packing creates a more tortuous path for the fluid flow, preventing the formation of well-defined flow channels. While high liquid flow rates can exacerbate channelling in packed columns by increasing the likelihood of channel formation, the type of packing material and its arrangement play a more significant role in determining the severity of channelling. Therefore, towers packed with stacked packing are most prone to severe channelling compared to other packing configurations.

ANS:A - less than the average velocity through channels.

For the flow of fluids through a packed bed, the superficial velocity is more than the average velocity through channels.

Explanation:

1. Superficial Velocity:
   • Superficial velocity (vsv_svs​) is defined as the flow rate of the fluid per unit cross-sectional area of the entire pipe or packed bed. It considers the total cross-sectional area available for flow, including both the open spaces (voids) and the solid particles (bed material).
2. Average Velocity Through Channels:
   • The average velocity through channels refers to the velocity of the fluid only through the open spaces (voids) between the solid particles in the packed bed.
   • This average velocity (vavgv_{avg}vavg​) is generally lower than the superficial velocity because it considers only the effective cross-sectional area available for fluid flow (voids).
3. Comparison:
   • Superficial velocity (vsv_svs​) is higher than the average velocity through channels (vavgv_{avg}vavg​) because it accounts for the entire cross-sectional area, including both voids and solid particles.
   • In a packed bed, the fluid flows through both the void spaces and around the solid particles, resulting in a higher superficial velocity compared to the average velocity through the channels (voids).
4. Pressure Drop Dependency:
   • The superficial velocity is not directly dependent on the pressure drop across the bed but rather on the total flow rate and the cross-sectional area of the bed.

Conclusion:

ANS:B - Karnataka

The Soliga tribe in Karnataka, specifically in the Cauvery Basin, employs traditional honey collection methods using vines and bamboo ropes. The book "Forgotten Trails: Foraging Wild Edibles" highlights their reliance on honey from the Western Ghats and underscores the significance of preserving their traditional foraging knowledge.

ANS:B - Telangana and Andhra Pradesh

Gangireddu Melam, a traditional folk performance, is associated with the Sankranti harvest festival in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The performance features bulls adorned with colourful flowers and garments, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the region.

ANS:D - Kerala

The 'Year of Enterprises' Project is a flagship scheme of the Indian state of Kerala.

ANS:A - Odisha

The culinary tradition of 'Kai Chutney' using red weaver ants in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha has been granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.