ANS:B - broken

No answer description is available. 

ANS:B - 1,4

ANS:A - in the plane of cross hairs

The real image is the plane of cross hairs because upper middle and lower number we have to get in this by cross hairs. The real image of an object formed by the objective must lie in the plane of crosshairs. If the image formed by the objective is not in the plane of crosshairs then the error is called as PARALLAX ERROR.

ANS:A - increases the capacitance

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ANS:B - adsorption

The Langmuir equation is associated with adsorption. The Langmuir equation is a mathematical model that describes the process of adsorption onto a solid surface from a gas or liquid phase. It was developed by Irving Langmuir in 1916 and is commonly used to characterize the adsorption behavior of gases and solutes onto solid surfaces. The Langmuir equation is typically expressed as: 𝑞𝑞max=𝑘⋅𝐶1+𝑘⋅𝐶qmax​q​=1+k⋅Ck⋅C​ Where:

• 𝑞q = amount of adsorbate adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent (adsorption capacity)
• 𝑞maxqmax​ = maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent
• 𝑘k = Langmuir constant (related to the affinity of the adsorbate for the adsorbent)
• 𝐶C = equilibrium concentration of the adsorbate in the gas or liquid phase

ANS:B - Hagen and Poiseuille

The experimental study of laminar fluid flow through a circular tube was conducted by Hagen and Poiseuille.

Explanation:

1. Hagen and Poiseuille:
   • In the mid-19th century, Gotthilf Hagen and Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille independently conducted experimental investigations on fluid flow through pipes.
   • They studied laminar flow (low Reynolds number flow) through cylindrical pipes and derived the empirical relationship that describes the flow rate (volumetric flow) QQQ through a pipe: Q=πr48μL(P1−P2)Q = \frac{\pi r^4}{8 \mu L} (P_1 - P_2)Q=8μLπr4​(P1​−P2​) where:
     • rrr is the radius of the pipe,
     • μ\muμ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid,
     • LLL is the length of the pipe,
     • P1P_1P1​ and P2P_2P2​ are the pressures at two points along the pipe.
2. Contributions:
   • Hagen and Poiseuille's experiments and subsequent theoretical work provided foundational insights into fluid dynamics, particularly laminar flow characteristics and the relationship between pressure drop and flow rate.
   • They demonstrated that the flow rate in laminar flow is directly proportional to the pressure gradient and the fourth power of the radius of the pipe.
3. Other Contributors:
   • Reynolds: Osborne Reynolds later extended the understanding of fluid flow by introducing the concept of Reynolds number to distinguish between laminar and turbulent flow regimes.
   • Pascal: Blaise Pascal contributed to fluid mechanics through his studies on fluid pressure, but he did not specifically conduct experiments on laminar flow in pipes.
   • Blake-Plummer: This name does not specifically relate to the experimental study of laminar flow through circular tubes.

Conclusion:

ANS:B - Himachal Pradesh

Lok Sabha cleared a bill to add Himachal Pradesh's Hattee community to the ST list.

ANS:D - Odisha

CJI inaugurated digitization hubs in 10 districts of Odisha.

ANS:C - Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir UT have proposed to launch a unique alpha-numeric identification number for all families.

ANS:A - Kerala

Kerala recently passed a bill to remove the Governor as Chancellor of the state's universities.