ANS:C - 5

No answer description is available. 

ANS:C - int ShowData(void) const { /* statements */ }

No answer description is available. Let's discuss.

ANS:D - all the above.

No answer description is available.

ANS:A - leading, Lagging

No answer description is available.

ANS:B - total

At total reflux, the theoretical number of plates in a distillation column is calculated using the Fenske-Underwood equation. Total reflux refers to the operation of the distillation column where no overhead product is withdrawn, and all of the liquid leaving the condenser is returned as reflux to the top of the column. This condition allows for the most efficient separation of components and serves as a basis for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates required for a given separation task using the Fenske-Underwood equation.

ANS:A - less than the vapour pressure of the liquid at that temperature.

Cavitation occurs in a centrifugal pump when the suction pressure is less than the vapor pressure of the liquid at that temperature.

Explanation:

1. Vapor Pressure:
   • Vapor pressure is the pressure at which a liquid vaporizes at a given temperature. It is characteristic of the liquid and varies with temperature.
   • When the suction pressure at the inlet of the centrifugal pump drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped, the liquid starts to vaporize and form vapor bubbles.
2. Cavitation:
   • Cavitation is the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles within a liquid flow due to pressure fluctuations. When these vapor bubbles collapse, they can cause damage to pump components and reduce pump efficiency.
   • Cavitation typically occurs at low-pressure regions within the pump, such as near the impeller blades or in the volute, where the pressure drops below the vapor pressure.
3. Suction Pressure:
   • In a centrifugal pump, the suction pressure is critical because it determines the net positive suction head (NPSH), which should be sufficient to prevent cavitation.
   • If the suction pressure is less than the vapor pressure of the liquid, cavitation will occur because the liquid cannot remain in its liquid state; instead, it vaporizes.
4. Other Options:
   • Suction pressure greater than or equal to the vapor pressure would not lead to cavitation because the liquid remains in its liquid state.
   • Equal to the developed head is unrelated to the conditions that cause cavitation.

Conclusion:

ANS:A - Dhordo in Gujarat

Dhordo Village in Gujarat has been awarded the UNWTO's Best Tourism Village 2023. This is a significant achievement for India, as it is the first time that an Indian village has won this award. Dhordo is known for its Rann of Kutch festival, which attracts tourists from all over the world. The village is also home to several other tourist attractions, such as the White Desert, the Kutch Museum, and the Aina Mahal.

ANS:C - Visakhapatnam

The Indian Navy is all set to host the Mid-Planning Conference for MILAN 24 (Multilateral Naval Exercise- 2024) at Visakhapatnam from 19th February to 27th February 2024. This event follows a long-standing tradition of hosting the MILAN exercise, showcasing India’s commitment to fostering international maritime cooperation.

ANS:C - Ladakh

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved a 13-gigawatt (GW) Renewable Energy (RE) project in Ladakh under the Green Energy Corridor (GEC) Phase-II – Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS). This project is expected to play a major role in India's efforts to achieve its renewable energy targets.

ANS:C - Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is considered to be the most visited monument in India. It is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, and was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.