ANS:B - Oligarchy

No answer description is available. 

ANS:A - Multilevel inheritance

Forms of Inheritance:

Single Inheritance: It is the inheritance hierarchy wherein one derived class inherits from one base class.

Multiple Inheritance: It is the inheritance hierarchy wherein one derived class inherits from multiple base class (es).

Hierarchical Inheritance: It is the inheritance hierarchy wherein multiple sub classes inherits from one base class.

Multilevel Inheritance: It is the inheritance hierarchy wherein subclass acts as a base class for other classes.

Hybrid Inheritance: The inheritance hierarchy that reflects any legal combination of other four types of inheritance.

As far as visibility is concerned: Here it is.

Visibility Mode: It is the keyword that controls the visibility and availability of inherited base class members in the derived class. It can be either private or protected or public.

Private Inheritance: It is the inheritance facilitated by private visibility mode. In private inheritance, the protected and public members of base class become private members of the derived class.

Public Inheritance: It is the inheritance facilitated by public visibility mode. In public inheritance, the protected members of base class become protected members of the derived class and public members of the base class become public members of derived class. ;.

Protected Inheritance: It is the inheritance facilitated by protected visibility mode. In protected inheritance, the protected and public members of base class become protected members of the derived class.  

ANS:A -

Because Specified length is correct length of chain and actual length is the wrong length of the chain which maybe short or long. It is (Incorrect length of chain/ true length of chain) X measure length.

ANS:B - exhibit unwanted inductive and capacitive effects

No answer description is available.

ANS:D - Both condensor and reboiler loads are higher in case (ii) as compared to case (i).

The reflux stream in a distillation operation plays a critical role in maintaining separation efficiency by providing a return flow of condensed vapor to the column. The temperature of the reflux stream affects the condenser and reboiler loads differently:

• When the reflux stream is completely liquid and at its bubble point (case i), it implies that the reflux stream is at its saturation temperature. This condition minimizes the energy required to condense the vapor back into liquid form, reducing the condenser load. However, since the reflux stream is completely liquid, it requires additional energy to vaporize it in the reboiler. Therefore, the reboiler load is higher in case (i) compared to case (ii).
• When the reflux stream is below its bubble point (case ii), it means that the temperature of the reflux stream is below its saturation temperature. In this case, more energy is required to condense the vapor back into liquid form, increasing the condenser load. However, since the reflux stream is partially vaporized, it requires less energy to be vaporized in the reboiler compared to case (i). Therefore, the reboiler load is lower in case (ii) compared to case (i).

ANS:C - Pitot tube

A pressure gauge is used for measuring the static pressure exerted on the wall by a fluid flowing parallel to the wall in a pipeline. Here’s why:

• Pressure Gauge: It measures the static pressure of a fluid at a specific point, including the pressure exerted on the walls of a pipeline. It provides a direct reading of the static pressure.

• Venturimeter: It is used to measure the flow rate of the fluid by reducing the cross-sectional area of the flow path, which causes a change in the fluid velocity and pressure.
• Pitot Tube: It measures the total pressure (static plus dynamic pressure) in a flowing fluid and is typically used to determine the fluid flow velocity by comparing the total pressure to the static pressure.
• Orificemeter: Similar to the venturimeter, it measures the flow rate of the fluid by causing a pressure drop across an orifice plate inserted into the flow path.

ANS:A - 8,40,000+

More than 8,40,000 jobs were created by Startups in the country according to Union MSME Ministry.

ANS:A - disinfection and control of taste & odour.

The correct answer is: disinfection and control of taste & odour.

Explanation:

Explanation of "Disinfection and Control of Taste & Odour"

1. Disinfection

• Microbial Reduction: Chloramines effectively kill or inactivate a wide range of harmful microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, ensuring the safety of drinking water.
• Residual Effect: Unlike chlorine, chloramines provide a longer-lasting residual effect in the water distribution system, maintaining disinfection over time and distance.
• Lower Byproduct Formation: Using chloramines instead of chlorine reduces the formation of harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which can occur with chlorine use.

2. Control of Taste & Odour

• Taste and Odor Management: Chloramines help mitigate unpleasant tastes and odors in water, often caused by organic materials, algae, or other contaminants.
• Stability in Distribution Systems: Chloramines remain stable in the water distribution system, preventing the development of taste and odor issues that can arise from biological growth or chemical reactions in the water supply.

Summary

ANS:B - Mumbai

An International conference for processing and packaging "PackMach Asia Expo 2002" is being held in Mumbai from 7-9 December 2022.

ANS:A - evaporation followed by vacuum distillation.

The correct answer is: evaporation followed by vacuum distillation.

Explanation:

Evaporation followed by vacuum distillation is a two-step process commonly used to recover glycerine from lye or other mixtures in chemical production. Here’s how each step works:

1. Evaporation

• Purpose: The primary aim of evaporation is to concentrate the glycerine solution by removing a significant portion of water and other volatile components.
• Process: In this step, the lye is heated to a temperature that causes water to evaporate, leaving behind a thicker glycerine solution. This is typically done in evaporators that allow for efficient heat transfer and vapor removal.

2. Vacuum Distillation

• Purpose: Following evaporation, vacuum distillation is employed to further purify the glycerine by separating it from any remaining impurities and non-volatile components.
• Process: In this step, the concentrated glycerine solution is placed in a distillation apparatus under reduced pressure (vacuum). The lower pressure allows glycerine and any lighter components to boil at lower temperatures, minimizing thermal degradation.
• Separation: As the mixture is heated under vacuum, glycerine vaporizes and is collected as a distillate, while heavier impurities remain in the distillation vessel.

Advantages of This Process

• Purity: This two-step process ensures high purity of glycerine by effectively removing water and impurities without exposing the glycerine to excessive heat.
• Efficiency: Both evaporation and vacuum distillation are energy-efficient methods for recovering valuable products from liquid mixtures.

Summary