ANS:D - Epitaph

No answer description is available. 

ANS:B - Object is an instance of a class.

No answer description is available. Let's discuss.

ANS:C - 11

No answer description is available. 

ANS:D - both shimmering and horizontal refraction.

Keeping the line of sight high above the ground surface is essential to minimize the error in the observed angles due to shimmering, horizontal refraction, and vertical refraction. So, all the given option is the correct answer. Shimmering shine with a soft, slightly wavering light.

ANS:A - True

No answer description is available.

ANS:A - packed column

A small diameter distillation column can indeed be any of the options mentioned: packed column, sieve tray column, or bubble cap column. The choice between these options depends on various factors such as the specific requirements of the separation process, the properties of the feed mixture, and the desired product specifications.

• Packed columns are often used in small diameter distillation columns when high surface area contact between the vapor and liquid phases is desired for efficient separation. They are filled with packing material to enhance mass transfer between the phases.
• Sieve tray columns utilize perforated trays with holes or slots to allow vapor to pass through while retaining liquid on the tray. They are commonly used in small diameter columns for their simplicity and efficiency.
• Bubble cap columns employ perforated plates with riser pipes (bubble caps) that allow vapor to rise through the liquid on the tray. They are suitable for small diameter columns and are known for their high efficiency in separating volatile components.

ANS:B - surface of velocity distribution is a paraboloid of revolution, whose volume equals half the volume of circumscribing cylinder.

In case of laminar flow of fluid through a circular pipe, the correct statement regarding the velocity profile is: surface of velocity distribution is a paraboloid of revolution, whose volume equals half the volume of circumscribing cylinder. Here's why this statement is correct:

• Velocity Profile in Laminar Flow: For laminar flow through a circular pipe, the velocity profile across the pipe's cross-section is parabolic. This means that the velocity varies with the radial distance rrr from the center of the pipe as follows: u(r)=umax(1−r2R2)u(r) = u_{max} \left( 1 - \frac{r^2}{R^2} \right)u(r)=umax​(1−R2r2​) where:
  • u(r)u(r)u(r) is the axial velocity at a radial distance rrr,
  • umaxu_{max}umax​ is the maximum axial velocity at the centerline (at r=0r = 0r=0),
  • RRR is the radius of the pipe.
• Paraboloid of Revolution: The shape of the velocity distribution across the pipe's cross-section forms a paraboloid of revolution. This means if you were to rotate the parabolic velocity profile around the axis of the pipe, it would form a shape resembling a paraboloid.
• Volume Comparison: The statement mentions that the volume of this paraboloid of revolution equals half the volume of the circumscribing cylinder. This is a geometric property related to the distribution of velocity across the cross-section of the pipe.

ANS:A - Shyam Saran Negi

Negi cast the first vote on 25 October 1951. He voted in every general election from 1951 until his death and is believed to be India's oldest voter as well as its first.

ANS:A - Giriraj Singh

Union Minister for Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Giriraj Singh has unveiled the booklet 'Agenda for Members of Panchayati Raj Institutions for Rural Development".

ANS:D - Bhupender Yadav

Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Bhupender Yadav will lead the Indian delegation to attend the 27th Session of the Conference of Parties of the UNFCCC (COP27).