ANS:A - Centrifugal

No answer description is available. 

ANS:B - L

Compensating error √L OR CUMULATIVE error is L.

ANS:D - 10¹² W

No answer description is available.

ANS:A - at < 100

Steam distillation is a process used to distill volatile compounds that are not easily distilled by conventional methods. It involves the use of steam to carry the volatile compounds with it as it rises through the distillation apparatus. In the case of nitrobenzene (with a boiling point of 210.6°C) being steam distilled at 1 atm pressure, the temperature at which nitrobenzene will distill off will indeed be below 100°C. During steam distillation, the presence of steam allows compounds with higher boiling points to vaporize at lower temperatures than their normal boiling points. The steam effectively carries the nitrobenzene with it, allowing it to distill off at a temperature lower than its boiling point under normal conditions. So, the correct answer is: at < 100°C.

ANS:A - 0.01 to 0.1

Stoke's equation is valid in the Reynolds number range 0.01 to 0.1. Here’s an explanation:

• Stoke's Law: Stoke's law describes the drag force experienced by spherical particles moving through a viscous fluid at low Reynolds numbers. It is given by: Fd=6πμRvF_d = 6 \pi \mu R vFd​=6πμRv where:
  • FdF_dFd​ is the drag force,
  • μ\muμ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid,
  • RRR is the radius of the spherical particle,
  • vvv is the velocity of the particle relative to the fluid.
• Reynolds Number and Stoke's Law: The Reynolds number (ReReRe) is defined as Re=ρvRμRe = \frac{\rho v R}{\mu}Re=μρvR​, where ρ\rhoρ is the fluid density. For Stoke's law to be valid, the Reynolds number must be very low, typically in the range of 0.010.010.01 to 0.10.10.1.
• Explanation of Range: At very low Reynolds numbers (less than 1), viscous forces dominate over inertial forces, and the flow around the particle is laminar. Stoke's law assumes laminar flow conditions where the viscous drag force on the particle is directly proportional to its velocity and size.

ANS:C - Aramane Giridhar

Aramane Giridhar, Road Transport and Highways Secretary has been named as the new defence secretary as part of a top-level bureaucratic reshuffle effected by the Central Government.

ANS:A - Ministry of Education

The Union Ministry of Education Dharmendra Pradhan has launched the draft of the National Credit Framework for Public Consultation

ANS:B - 40

Alcohol percentage in molasses may be around 10. Alcohol percentage in molasses may be around 10% because:

Composition of Molasses:

1. Sugar Content: Molasses is a byproduct of sugar production and contains various sugars, primarily sucrose, glucose, and fructose. The fermentation of these sugars produces alcohol.
2. Fermentation Process: During fermentation, yeast converts the sugars in molasses into ethanol. However, due to the high sugar concentration and the presence of other compounds, the maximum alcohol yield typically reaches around 10%.

Factors Affecting Alcohol Yield:

1. Nutrient Availability: While molasses provides sugars, it may lack certain nutrients necessary for yeast growth, which can limit fermentation efficiency.
2. Toxic Compounds: Molasses can contain byproducts from sugar processing that may inhibit yeast activity, further restricting the alcohol content.
3. Fermentation Conditions: Temperature, pH, and fermentation time also influence the final alcohol concentration. Optimal conditions can maximize alcohol production, but even under ideal circumstances, yields usually hover around 10%.

Practical Applications:

1. Ethanol Production: Despite this relatively low alcohol content, molasses is widely used in the production of ethanol, particularly for biofuels and alcoholic beverages, as it can be fermented multiple times to increase yields.
2. Value Addition: The alcohol extracted from molasses, alongside the remaining residues, can be utilized in various industries, enhancing the economic value of sugar production.

Summary:

ANS:B - Jitendra Singh

Union Minister Jitendra Singh has launched the Single Integrated Pensioners' Portal.

ANS:D - IIT Delhi

Union Minister for Education and Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan has inaugurated IInvenTiv, the first-ever all-IITs R&D Showcase at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.