ANS:E - Both I and II are implicit

Explanation: According to the statement, banking is associated with business activity. So, I is implicit. Banking is adjusted in a way to promote business needs. This means that business is promoted by better banking. So, II is also implicit.

ANS:E - s1.Equals(s2)

No answer description is available. Let's discuss.

ANS:D - all the above.

1. "The force of friction always acts in a direction opposite to that in which a body is moving": This statement represents a fundamental principle of friction. Friction always acts in a direction opposite to the direction of motion or the direction in which a body tends to move. It opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact.
2. "The magnitude of the kinetic friction bears a constant ratio to the normal reaction between two surfaces. The ratio being slightly less than that in the case of limiting friction": This statement refers to the relationship between kinetic friction (friction between two surfaces in relative motion) and the normal force (the force exerted by a surface perpendicular to the contact surface). The magnitude of kinetic friction is approximately proportional to the normal force, with a coefficient of kinetic friction. This coefficient is generally slightly less than the coefficient of static friction, which represents the frictional force just before an object begins to move (limiting friction).
3. "For moderate speeds the force of friction remains constant but decreases slightly with the increase of speed": This statement describes the behavior of friction at moderate speeds. At moderate speeds, the force of friction tends to remain relatively constant but may decrease slightly as the speed increases. This decrease in frictional force at higher speeds can be attributed to factors such as the reduction of interlocking between surface asperities and the effects of lubrication or fluid film formation.

• The first statement represents a general principle of friction regarding its direction.
• The second statement describes the relationship between kinetic friction and the normal force, including the concept of limiting friction.
• The third statement characterizes the behavior of friction at moderate speeds, emphasizing its relative constancy with slight decreases as speed increases.

ANS:C - installing an identical array behind the main array at distance λ/4 and exciting it by current leading in phase by 90°

No answer description is available.

ANS:C - pages out pages that have been least used recently

Discards the least recently used items first. This algorithm requires keeping track of what was used when, which is expensive if one wants to make sure the algorithm always discards the least recently used item. General implementations of this technique require keeping "age bits" for cache-lines and track the "Least Recently Used" cache-line based on age-bits.

In such an implementation, every time a cache-line is used, the age of all other cache-lines changes. LRU is actually a family of caching algorithms with members including: 2Q by Theodore Johnson and Dennis Shasha and LRU/K by Pat O'Neil, Betty O'Neil and Gerhard Weikum.

ANS:C - impact wheels

Mixing of light fine powders such as insecticides is typically done using a kneader. Here’s why:

1. Kneader:
   • A kneader, also known as a sigma mixer, is a type of batch mixer commonly used for mixing stiff pastes and dough-like materials.
   • It consists of two sigma-shaped blades that rotate within a mixing chamber.
   • Kneaders are particularly effective for mixing cohesive powders and sticky materials that tend to clump together.
   • The design allows for thorough mixing and kneading action, ensuring uniform distribution of additives or ingredients throughout the mixture.
2. Suitability for Fine Powders:
   • Light, fine powders such as insecticides require gentle handling during mixing to prevent agglomeration or degradation of the active ingredients.
   • Kneaders provide controlled mixing with low shear, making them suitable for blending fragile particles without causing excessive particle size reduction or damage.
3. Other Equipment Mentioned:
   • Banbury Mixer: Primarily used for rubber and plastics compounding, it involves intensive shearing and mixing, which may not be suitable for delicate powders like insecticides.
   • Pug Mill: Typically used for mixing and extruding ceramics, clay, and other materials, it may not provide the gentle mixing required for fine powders.
   • Impact Wheels: These are used for size reduction and grinding rather than gentle mixing, making them unsuitable for handling light, fine powders without degradation.

ANS:C - Kuldeep Yadav

Kuldeep Yadav reached the milestone of 150 ODI wickets in just 88 matches, the fastest by an Indian spinner.

ANS:A - 2023

Rudrankksh Patil won gold in men's 10m air rifle in ISSF World Cup 2023.

ANS:D - Virat Kohli

Virat Kohli became the 6th batter to score 25,000 runs in international cricket.

ANS:A - open

The Bode stability method uses the open-loop transfer function. In control system analysis, the Bode stability criterion involves plotting the Bode plot of the open-loop transfer function and examining the gain margin and phase margin to determine the stability of the closed-loop system. The open-loop transfer function is essential for this method because it reflects the system's response before any feedback is applied, which is crucial for predicting how the system will behave when feedback is introduced. The Bode stability method is a graphical approach used in control system analysis to determine the stability of a feedback control system. This method specifically uses the open-loop transfer function of the system. Here’s an explanation of why and how the open-loop transfer function is used:

1. Open-Loop Transfer Function:
   • The open-loop transfer function, G(s)H(s)G(s)H(s)G(s)H(s), is the product of the transfer functions of the plant G(s)G(s)G(s) and the controller H(s)H(s)H(s).
   • It describes the system's response without considering the feedback loop, providing insight into the inherent dynamics and gain characteristics.
2. Bode Plot:
   • A Bode plot consists of two graphs: the magnitude plot (showing gain) and the phase plot (showing phase shift) as functions of frequency.
   • These plots are created using the open-loop transfer function G(s)H(s)G(s)H(s)G(s)H(s).
3. Stability Criteria:
   • Gain Margin (GM): This is the amount of gain increase required to bring the system to the verge of instability. It is determined by the distance to the 0 dB line at the phase crossover frequency (the frequency where the phase shift is -180 degrees).
   • Phase Margin (PM): This is the amount of additional phase lag required to bring the system to the verge of instability. It is determined by the distance to the -180 degrees line at the gain crossover frequency (the frequency where the gain is 1 or 0 dB).
4. Procedure:
   • Plot the Bode Diagram: Plot the magnitude and phase of the open-loop transfer function G(jω)H(jω)G(j\omega)H(j\omega)G(jω)H(jω) versus frequency ω\omegaω on a logarithmic scale.
   • Determine Crossover Frequencies:
     • Gain Crossover Frequency (ωgc\omega_{gc}ωgc​): The frequency at which the magnitude plot crosses 0 dB.
     • Phase Crossover Frequency (ωpc\omega_{pc}ωpc​): The frequency at which the phase plot crosses -180 degrees.
   • Calculate Margins:
     • Gain Margin (GM): Measure how far the magnitude plot is below 0 dB at ωpc\omega_{pc}ωpc​.
     • Phase Margin (PM): Measure how far the phase plot is above -180 degrees at ωgc\omega_{gc}ωgc​.
5. Interpretation:
   • A positive gain margin and phase margin indicate a stable closed-loop system.
   • A negative or zero gain margin or phase margin indicates potential instability.
6. Advantages:
   • The Bode stability method allows for the analysis of both gain and phase margins, giving a comprehensive understanding of system stability.
   • It helps in designing and tuning controllers to achieve desired stability and performance.