ANS:D - Defence

Explanation: All except Defence are forms of attack.

ANS:A - Inside local

The host on the private network before translation is considered to be an inside local host.

ANS:B - half full

Designing sewer pipes to run at "half full" means that the flow depth within the pipe is equal to half of the pipe's diameter. In other words, the water level within the pipe is at half of its maximum capacity. When a sewer pipe is running at half full, it means that there is still space available within the pipe to accommodate additional flow if needed. This approach provides some degree of safety margin against surges in flow rates, preventing the risk of overflowing the pipe during peak flow conditions. Designing sewer pipes to run at half full offers several advantages:

1. Hydraulic Efficiency: Running the pipe at half full helps to optimize hydraulic efficiency. At this flow depth, the velocity of the flow is higher compared to shallower depths, reducing the likelihood of sedimentation and maintaining self-cleaning velocities.
2. Minimization of Sedimentation: Keeping the flow depth at half full helps to minimize the settling of solids within the pipe. Adequate flow velocities prevent the accumulation of sediment and debris, reducing the risk of blockages and maintaining the conveyance capacity of the sewer system.
3. Safety Margin: Designing the sewer pipe to run at half full provides a safety margin against peak flow conditions. It ensures that the sewer system can accommodate sudden increases in flow rates without risking overflow or flooding.
4. Cost-Effectiveness: Operating the sewer pipe at half full allows for the efficient conveyance of wastewater while minimizing the size and cost of the infrastructure. It strikes a balance between capacity and construction costs, ensuring that the sewer system meets its operational requirements economically.

ANS:C -

XOR gate recognises odd number of 1's.

ANS:B - U and S both decreases

In a closed system undergoing a reversible cooling process, the internal energy (𝑈U) and entropy (𝑆S) change. However, the change in each depends on the specifics of the process. In this scenario, the system is being cooled, which means heat is being removed from the system. Since no work is being done on the system, the cooling process is likely to be adiabatic (no heat transfer). Consequently, the change in internal energy is primarily due to the heat transfer, and the change in entropy is due to the cooling process. Given that the system is cooled reversibly from 100°C to 50°C:

• The internal energy (𝑈U) decreases because the system loses heat.
• The entropy (𝑆S) increases because the cooling process is reversible and heat is being removed from the system.

ANS:D - Shashi Bhushan Singh

Shashi Bhushan Singh, a 2010-batch IRTS officer, has been appointed as the Secretary of the National Jute Board in Kolkata under the Ministry of Textiles for a five-year term or until further orders. The Central Government approved this appointment via an order from the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT).

ANS:C - India

The rotational presidency of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has been handed over to India in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.