ANS:E - Acre

Explanation: All except Acre are units of measuring distance, while acre is a unit of area.

ANS:B - Battery

There are many such devices, but the simplest one is a battery. In a battery, a chemical reaction involving the electrolyte (battery fluid) carries ions (charged particles) from one terminal to the other. This flow of charge produces an electric current. For example, in a lead-acid battery (Example: A car battery) on the anode (+), lead sulfate reacts with water to form sulfuric acid and lead oxide, while liberating two electrons. These electrons travel through the electric circuit. On the cathode (-), the lead sulfate absorbs the electrons and creates elemental lead and sulfuric acid.

ANS:C - level

1. Magnetic Compass:
   • A magnetic compass is a basic navigation tool that uses the Earth's magnetic field to determine direction. In the context of sewer laying, a magnetic compass might be used for initial orientation and alignment. Engineers may use it to establish a general direction for laying out the sewer lines before more precise measurements are taken.
2. Theodolite:
   • A theodolite is a precision instrument used for measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes. It consists of a telescope mounted on a base that allows for rotation in both horizontal and vertical axes. In sewer laying, theodolites are commonly used to measure angles accurately, ensuring proper alignment and slope of the sewer pipes. Engineers can use theodolites to set gradients and ensure that the sewer lines are laid with the appropriate slope for effective drainage.
3. Level:
   • A level is a tool used to determine the horizontal plane or level surface. In sewer laying, engineers use levels to ensure that the sewer pipes are installed horizontally along their length. This is crucial for maintaining uniform flow and preventing the accumulation of debris or blockages within the sewer lines. Levels may also be used to check the elevation of manholes and other sewer components relative to each other.
4. Clinometer:
   • A clinometer is a device used to measure the angle of slope or inclination relative to the vertical or horizontal plane. In sewer laying, clinometers are employed to verify the slope of the terrain or the gradient of the sewer pipes. Engineers use clinometers to ensure that the sewer lines are laid with the correct slope to facilitate the flow of wastewater by gravity. This helps prevent stagnant water and ensures efficient drainage.
5. Plane Table:
   • A plane table is a surveying instrument used for mapping and plotting topographic features directly onto a flat surface. While not as commonly used in modern surveying practices, plane tables were historically utilized for sewer laying projects to create detailed maps of the terrain and plan the layout of sewer networks. Engineers would use the plane table to record the location of manholes, sewer lines, and other relevant features, aiding in the overall design and implementation of the sewer system.

ANS:C - 1010

Output of XOR gate is input to register.

ANS:C - 3 P₁V₁

To find the work done by the gas during the cycle, we need to calculate the area enclosed by the cycle on the P-V diagram. Given that the cycle is ABCA, it forms a closed loop on the P-V diagram. The work done by the gas during a cycle on a P-V diagram is equal to the area enclosed by the cycle. This can be calculated using the formula: Work=∮𝑃𝑑𝑉Work=∮PdV where 𝑃P is pressure and 𝑑𝑉dV is the change in volume. Looking at the diagram, we see that the cycle ABCA consists of two sections:

1. A to B: Isobaric process (constant pressure)
2. B to C: Isochoric process (constant volume)

ANS:A - INS Sumedha

INS Sumedha made a historic inaugural arrival at Port Lamu, Kenya, on 09 December 2023, becoming the first Indian Naval Ship to visit the newly developed port, highlighting the strengthening maritime relationships between India and Kenya.

ANS:D - Uzbekistan

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit is being held in Samarkand in Uzbekistan.