ANS:C - Yawn

Explanation: All except Yawn are actions in sleep, while yawn is a form of boredom.

ANS:D - a battery

Potential energy is defined when there is a flow of charge in between the poles (positive - negative), in the case of battery this happens.

ANS:D - All of these.

The rational formula for peak drainage discharge is a fundamental method used in hydrology to estimate the peak flow rate of stormwater runoff from a specific drainage area. It provides engineers and planners with a practical approach to design stormwater drainage systems and manage urban runoff. Let's explore the contributions of each individual associated with the evolution of this formula:

1. Fruhling:
   • William H. Fruhling was a civil engineer who made significant contributions to the field of hydrology. While he didn't directly develop the rational formula, his work laid the groundwork for its evolution. Fruhling conducted extensive research on rainfall-runoff relationships and the factors influencing stormwater flow rates. His studies helped establish the theoretical basis for subsequent developments in stormwater hydrology, including the rational formula.
2. Lloyd David:
   • Lloyd W. David, an American hydraulic engineer, contributed to the advancement of stormwater engineering principles. His research focused on the analysis of rainfall characteristics and the prediction of runoff from urban areas. David's work played a crucial role in refining the rational formula by incorporating factors such as rainfall intensity, duration, and watershed characteristics into the calculation of peak discharge.
3. Kuichling:
   • Rudolph Hering and John L. Kuichling were two hydraulic engineers who collaborated on the development of hydraulic engineering principles in the late 19th century. While Hering is often credited with the initial concept of the rational formula, Kuichling's contributions were significant in refining and popularizing the method. Kuichling expanded upon Hering's ideas and proposed a systematic approach to estimate peak discharge based on watershed characteristics, rainfall intensity, and duration.
4. All of these:
   • The rational formula for peak drainage discharge evolved through the collective efforts of multiple researchers and engineers, including Fruhling, David, and Kuichling, among others. Each individual contributed valuable insights and advancements to the field of stormwater hydrology, leading to the formulation and refinement of the rational formula as a practical tool for engineering practice.

ANS:B - CMOS

Because of low power consumption CMOS is used in pocket calculators.

ANS:D - both (b) and (c).

An intensive property is a physical or chemical property of a substance that does not depend on the size or amount of the substance in a system. In other words, intensive properties are independent of the system's mass or volume and are determined solely by the substance itself and its conditions. Examples of intensive properties include temperature, pressure, density, concentration, and chemical potential. Here's a closer look at each aspect:

1. Independent of Size or Amount: Intensive properties do not change when the size or amount of the substance changes. For example, the temperature of a substance remains the same regardless of whether you have a small sample or a large sample of the substance.
2. Determined by Substance and Conditions: Intensive properties are characteristic of the substance itself and its conditions. For instance, the density of a substance depends on its molecular structure, mass, and volume, as well as external factors such as temperature and pressure.
3. Examples of Intensive Properties:
   • Temperature: The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
   • Pressure: The force exerted by a substance per unit area.
   • Density: The mass per unit volume of a substance.
   • Concentration: The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, typically expressed as moles per liter (M).
   • Chemical Potential: The tendency of a substance to move or react in a system, depending on its composition and conditions.

ANS:A - Nalin Prabhat

Nalin Prabhat, a 1992 batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the Andhra Pradesh cadre, has been appointed as the Director-General of the National Security Guard (NSG). His appointment is effective until his superannuation on August 31, 2028. The NSG is a specialized force tasked with countering terrorist activities, hijackings, and high-risk situations.

ANS:C - USA

Alireza Firouzja beat Ian Nepomniachtchi in the play-offs to win the ninth edition of the Sinquefield Cup the tournament held in USA.