Q1: To avoid bending action at the base of a pier,

ANS:B - suspension and anchor cables are fixed to pier top

"suspension and anchor cables are fixed to pier top" describes a design configuration in which both the suspension cables and the anchor cables of a suspension bridge are directly attached or anchored to the top of the pier structure. In a typical suspension bridge design, the suspension cables are the main load-bearing elements that support the bridge deck. They are suspended from tall towers or pylons located on either side of the span. These suspension cables are anchored to massive concrete or steel structures at the ends of the bridge, known as anchorages. The anchor cables, on the other hand, are attached to the opposite ends of the bridge and are anchored securely into the ground or into large anchor blocks buried deep below the ground level. The anchor cables serve to counteract the tension forces exerted by the suspended bridge deck and help stabilize the structure. When both the suspension cables and the anchor cables are fixed to the top of the pier, it means that the point of attachment or anchorage for both types of cables is at the uppermost part of the pier structure. This design configuration can provide stability and structural integrity to the bridge by effectively distributing the loads and forces across the pier and its foundation. However, it may not be as effective in accommodating movement and preventing bending action at the base of the pier compared to designs that incorporate saddles and rollers to allow for cable movement.