Q1: Liquid delivery by centrifugal pump starts, only when the head developed by it is equal to the __________ head.

ANS:A - manometric

Liquid delivery by a centrifugal pump starts when the head developed by the pump is equal to the static head.

Explanation:

1. Static Head:
   • Static head refers to the height difference or pressure difference that the pump must overcome to initiate flow. It is the vertical distance (or pressure equivalent) between the pump inlet and the point of discharge.
   • This head represents the potential energy required to lift the fluid from its source to the discharge point without considering friction losses or dynamic pressure changes.
2. Centrifugal Pump Operation:
   • Centrifugal pumps operate by converting mechanical energy (from a motor or engine) into kinetic energy of the fluid, ultimately creating pressure head or total dynamic head (TDH) to overcome system resistance and lift the fluid.
   • Pump operation typically starts when the head developed by the pump equals or exceeds the static head of the system. This ensures that the pump can initiate flow and overcome gravitational forces holding the fluid in place.
3. Other Heads:
   • Manometric Head: This refers to the pressure head measured using a manometer, often used to determine the pressure difference in fluid systems.
   • Total Head (Total Dynamic Head, TDH): This is the total energy per unit weight of fluid that the pump imparts to the fluid. It includes the static head, pressure head, and velocity head.
   • Friction Head: This is the head loss due to frictional losses in the piping system and fittings.

Conclusion: