ANS:C - near each other,

In hindered settling, the particles are near each other.

Explanation:

1. Hindered Settling:
   • Hindered settling occurs when particles in a fluid suspension settle under the influence of gravity but are significantly affected by interactions with neighboring particles.
   • These interactions can include collisions, interparticle forces, and drag effects from the surrounding fluid.
2. Behavior of Particles:
   • Near each other: In hindered settling, particles do not settle independently but interact closely with neighboring particles due to these interactions.
   • Placed farther from the wall: This statement is not generally characteristic of hindered settling. The distance from a wall does not specifically define hindered settling; instead, it's about the interaction between particles.
   • Not affected by other particles and the wall: This contradicts the definition of hindered settling, as particles are indeed affected by interactions with both other particles and the wall.
   • None of these: While particles are near each other in hindered settling, this option does not accurately describe the behavior of particles in this context.

Conclusion: