Q1: Charged molecules are separated based on varying rates of migration through a solid matrix when subjected to an electric field. This technique is known as

ANS:B - gel electrophoresis

Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size and charge. Gel Electrophoresis is a process where an electric current is applied. Here, shorter molecules move faster because they migrate more easily through the pores of the gel. This phenomenon is called sieving. Proteins are separated by charge in agarose because the pores of the gel are too large to sieve proteins.

Gel electrophoresis can also be used for separation of nanoparticles.