ANS:D - No improvement

No answer description is available. 

ANS:A - 0

No answer description is available. Let's discuss.

ANS:B -

The formula is s(g1% - g2%)/200(√h1 + √h2)^2.
S= minimum sight distance.
g = gradient.
h1 = height of driver.
h2= height of the obstruction.

S = (√h1 +√h2) = 2l.
= 2l(g1% - g2%)/200(2l)^2.
= (g1% - g2%)/400 l. The Main formula.

L={(g1% -g2%)S^2}/(800 h).
But in this question.
Length of the vertical curve (L)=2l.
And, S=2l.

Then
h = {(g1% -g2%)(2l)^2}/(800 * 2l).
h = {(g1% -g2%)l}/400.

ANS:B - 0.4 m

Diplacement = (1) (2θ) = 0.4 m.

ANS:B - used for multicomponent systems like crude refining.

Flash distillation is most useful for handling binary systems. It's a type of distillation process where a liquid mixture is partially vaporized and then immediately condensed to separate it into its components. This process is particularly effective for separating a binary mixture into its components based on their volatility. In flash distillation, the liquid mixture is heated to a temperature where the more volatile component vaporizes while the less volatile component remains in the liquid phase. The mixture is then fed into a vessel (the flash drum) at a lower pressure, causing the vaporization of some of the liquid. The vapor and liquid phases are allowed to separate, and the vapor is condensed back into liquid form. This process is different from simple distillation, where the entire liquid mixture is vaporized and condensed in a single stage. Flash distillation is particularly advantageous for binary systems because it allows for separation with fewer stages and lower energy consumption compared to more complex distillation processes like differential distillation, which is used for separating mixtures with multiple components based on their boiling points.

ANS:B - cavitation

The phenomenon occurring during pumping of a liquid solution containing dissolved gases, where these gases may come out of solution and form gas pockets, is termed cavitation. Here’s an explanation of the terms:

1. Cavitation: Cavitation occurs when the local pressure in a fluid drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid, causing the formation of vapor bubbles or cavities within the liquid. These vapor bubbles can collapse violently when they move to regions of higher pressure, leading to damage to pump components and a decrease in efficiency. In the context of dissolved gases in a liquid solution, cavitation can occur if the pressure drops sufficiently to allow the dissolved gases to come out of solution and form bubbles.
2. Evaporation: Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into a vapor state at a temperature below its boiling point. It typically occurs at the surface of the liquid.
3. Sublimation: Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
4. Stripping: Stripping refers to a process where one component (such as a gas) is removed from a liquid by passing a gas or vapor phase through the liquid.

ANS:B - International Labour Organization

The 'India Employment Report 2024' was jointly released by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Institute of Human Development (IHD), highlighting the challenges in India's job market and trends in education levels among the unemployed.

ANS:B - Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand became the 1st state in the country to initiate the process of implementing the Centre's New Education Policy (NEP).

ANS:A - 40%

The Election Commission's Saksham App allows home voting for PWDs with a 40% benchmark disability and individuals aged 85 and above, ensuring accessibility and inclusivity in the electoral process for these specific demographics.

ANS:D - Rajasthan & Gujarat

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved Taranga Hill-Ambaji-Abu Road new rail line in Gujarat and Rajasthan to provide connectivity and improve mobility.