ANS:A - Only argument I is strong

Explanation: Closing down public-sector enterprises will definitely throw the engaged persons out of employment. So, argument I holds. Also, closing down is no solution for a loss-making enterprise. Rather, its causes of failure should be studied, analyzed and the essential reforms implemented. Even if this does not work out, the enterprise may be privatized. So, argument II is vague,

ANS:A - Data in which changes to existing records cause the previous version of the records to be eliminated

No answer description is available.

ANS:D - B = b + 100 mm

I think the Cased beam is a combination of steel structural beam then encased with reinforced concrete. The minimum width B is the width of steel section flange plus 100mm.

ANS:B - 1.5 sq. mm

No answer description is available.

ANS:D - FORMAT/C

No answer description is available.

ANS:D - all (a), (b) and (c)

The conductivity of a crude oil-water mixture primarily depends on water percentage. Here's an explanation:

1. Crude Oil-Water Mixture: When crude oil and water are mixed, the electrical conductivity of the mixture is primarily influenced by the presence of water.
2. Water Percentage: The conductivity of a solution (in this case, the crude oil-water mixture) is largely determined by the concentration of ions dissolved in the water. Crude oil itself is typically non-conductive or has very low conductivity due to its non-polar nature and minimal ionic content.
3. Factors Considered:
   • pH Value: Crude oil tends to be neutral in pH, and while pH can affect the ionic dissociation of substances in water, crude oil's influence on conductivity is minimal compared to the water content.
   • Temperature: Temperature can affect the conductivity slightly due to changes in the mobility of ions in the water phase, but its impact is secondary compared to water content.
   • Water Percentage: The more water present in the crude oil-water mixture, the higher the conductivity due to the increased concentration of ions (e.g., dissolved salts) in the water phase.
4. Conductivity Measurement: Conductivity is typically measured using a conductivity meter, which detects the ability of the solution to conduct an electric current. Higher conductivity indicates a higher concentration of dissolved ions, usually from water.

ANS:D - Canada

Canada plans to build the world's first photonic-based quantum computer.

ANS:C - Ashis Kumar Dash

The new Director of NITI Aayog is Dr. Rajiv Kumar. Appointed to this pivotal role, Dr. Kumar brings with him a wealth of experience and expertise in economic policy and governance. His appointment is seen as a significant step in the ongoing efforts to steer NITI Aayog towards its objectives of fostering sustainable development and promoting effective policy solutions for India's economic and social challenges. Dr. Kumar's career has been marked by his roles in various prestigious institutions, where he has contributed to shaping economic policies and strategies. As the Director of NITI Aayog, he is expected to lead the organization in its mission to provide strategic and technical advice to the government, facilitate cooperative federalism, and drive innovation in policy formulation and implementation. His previous work has involved extensive research and analysis in areas such as economic reforms, financial regulation, and development strategies, making him well-suited to guide NITI Aayog in addressing the country's evolving needs. Dr. Kumar’s leadership is anticipated to play a crucial role in advancing the agency’s goals, including enhancing the effectiveness of development programs, promoting inclusive growth, and strengthening the partnership between central and state governments. His appointment reflects the government's commitment to leveraging experienced professionals to lead key institutions and drive impactful policy initiatives.

ANS:D - Kolkata

The conference on "India's Progressive Path in the Administration of Criminal Justice System" will be hosted in New Delhi. This significant event aims to address and explore advancements in the criminal justice system in India, focusing on reforms and progressive measures to enhance efficiency, transparency, and fairness in the administration of justice. The conference will bring together policymakers, legal experts, judiciary members, and law enforcement officials to discuss various aspects of the criminal justice system, including legal reforms, procedural improvements, and the integration of technology to streamline processes. New Delhi, being the nation's capital and a central hub for government and judicial activities, is a fitting location for such a high-profile conference. The discussions and recommendations emerging from this conference are expected to contribute to shaping future policies and practices in the criminal justice domain, ultimately aiming to improve the overall effectiveness of the system. By focusing on progressive approaches and innovative solutions, the conference seeks to address existing challenges and promote a more equitable and efficient administration of criminal justice in India. The event underscores the ongoing commitment to reform and modernization within the Indian legal system, reflecting a broader effort to ensure justice and enhance public confidence in the legal framework.

ANS:B - Noida

The MotoGP Bharat event will take place at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, from 2025 to 2029. This iconic motorsport venue, which has previously hosted Formula 1 races, is set to become the focal point of motorcycle racing in India. The Buddh International Circuit, known for its state-of-the-art facilities and challenging track layout, is well-suited to accommodate the high-speed, adrenaline-fueled action of MotoGP. The inclusion of the MotoGP Bharat event is a significant milestone for the sport in India, marking the country's emergence as a prominent destination in the global motorcycle racing calendar. The event is expected to attract top riders, teams, and fans from around the world, boosting the profile of Indian motorsport and contributing to the growth of the local economy through tourism and hospitality. The partnership between MotoGP and the Buddh International Circuit reflects a broader commitment to expanding the reach of premier motorsport events and providing Indian fans with an opportunity to experience world-class racing. This five-year agreement signifies a long-term investment in the development of motorsports in India, showcasing the country's growing prominence in the international sporting arena.