ANS:C -
Kutter's
Chezy's formula, Bazin's formula, Kutter's formula, and Manning's formula are all hydraulic equations used to calculate the velocity of flow in open channels such as rivers, streams, or open channels in sewers. Here's a brief overview of each:
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Chezy's Formula: Developed by the French engineer Antoine Chezy, this formula calculates the velocity of flow in an open channel based on the channel's hydraulic radius (the cross-sectional area divided by the wetted perimeter) and the roughness coefficient. The formula is typically expressed as: V=CR⋅S where:
- V is the velocity of flow,
- C is Chezy's coefficient (a dimensionless constant dependent on the channel roughness),
- R is the hydraulic radius, and
- S is the slope of the channel bed.
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Bazin's Formula: Bazin's formula, also known as Kutter-Bazin formula, is a modification of Kutter's formula and is used to calculate the velocity of flow in open channels. It's similar to Chezy's formula but includes additional terms to account for different channel conditions and roughness coefficients.
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Kutter's Formula: Kutter's formula is an empirical equation used to calculate the velocity of flow in open channels. It takes into account the channel slope, roughness coefficient, hydraulic radius, and a constant called the coefficient of rugosity. The formula is often expressed as:
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V=1/n R^2/3 S^1/2 where:
- V is the velocity of flow,
- n is the roughness coefficient (also known as Kutter's coefficient),
- R is the hydraulic radius, and
- S is the slope of the channel bed.
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Manning's Formula: Developed by the Irish engineer Robert Manning, this formula is widely used for open channel flow calculations. It relates the velocity of flow in an open channel to the hydraulic radius and the channel slope, using a roughness coefficient. The formula is typically expressed as: V=1/n R^2/3 S^1/2
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where the terms are the same as in Kutter's formula.
These formulas are essential tools in hydraulic engineering for designing and analyzing open channel flow systems. The appropriate formula to use depends on factors such as the characteristics of the channel and the available data.
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