Q1: A reinforced concrete wall carrying vertical loads is generally designed as per recommendations given for columns. The ratio of minimum reinforcements in the vertical and horizontal directions is

ANS:A - 2 : 1

For deformed bars up to 16mm dia.

Minimum vertical reinforcement = 0.12% of x-s/c area.
Minimum horizontal reinforcement = 0.20% of x-s/c area.

For mild steel,
Minimum vertical reinforcement = 0.15% of x-s/c area,
Minimum horizontal reinforcement = 0.25% of x-s/c area,

In either case, it comes out to be 3:5.