Q1: A transit is oriented by setting its vernier A to read the back azimuth of the preceding line. A back sight on the preceding transit station taken and transit is rotated about its vertical axis. The vernier A reads

ANS:A - azimuth of the forward line

An azimuth is a directional measurement in the horizontal plane, typically measured in degrees clockwise from true north. In the context of surveying and navigation, the azimuth represents the angle between a reference direction (usually north) and a line extending from the observer's location to a specific point of interest. The azimuth of the forward line refers to the direction in which the line extends from the observer's location. In surveying, it's common to establish a series of straight lines or traverses connecting different survey points. Each line has an azimuth associated with it, representing its direction with respect to the observer's position. For example, if an observer is standing at Point A and a survey line extends due east from Point A, the azimuth of the forward line would be 90 degrees, as it is measured clockwise from true north. Similarly, if the line extends northeast, the azimuth of the forward line would be between 0 and 90 degrees, depending on the exact direction. The azimuth is always measured in a clockwise direction from true north, and it ranges from 0 to 360 degrees, covering the entire compass. Understanding the azimuth of survey lines is crucial for accurately plotting and navigating between different survey points and for determining the relative positions and orientations of features on the ground. It helps surveyors create accurate maps, define property boundaries, and plan construction projects with precision.