Q1: α-rays are

ANS:B - positively charged.

In the context of particles, "positively charged" refers to the electrical charge carried by the particle. Here's an explanation of positively charged particles:

1. Charge: Particles can carry either a positive, negative, or neutral charge. Positively charged particles have an excess of positive electrical charge compared to negative charge.
2. Composition: Positively charged particles typically consist of one or more protons, which have a positive charge, and may or may not contain an equal number of electrons to balance the charge. For example, a hydrogen ion (H+) consists of a single proton and carries a positive charge.
3. Interactions: Positively charged particles interact with other charged particles and electric fields according to Coulomb's law. They are attracted to negatively charged particles (such as electrons) and repelled by other positively charged particles. This attraction and repulsion drive various chemical and physical processes, such as the formation of chemical bonds and the movement of charged particles in electric fields.
4. Examples: Common examples of positively charged particles include protons (p+), alpha particles (α), and various atomic ions (such as Na+, +Ca2+, etc.). These particles play important roles in atomic and nuclear physics, chemistry, and biology.