Q1: Bad odour in sanitary latrines is reduced by periodically sprinkling

ANS:B - lime powder.

Lime powder, also known as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), is a chemical compound commonly used for various purposes due to its alkaline properties. In the context of sanitation and odor control in sanitary latrines, lime powder serves several important functions:

1. Odor Control: Lime powder helps to control bad odors by neutralizing acidic compounds and inhibiting the growth of odor-causing bacteria. When sprinkled in latrines or other sanitation facilities, lime powder creates an alkaline environment that reduces the release of foul-smelling gases such as hydrogen sulfide. By raising the pH level of the environment, lime powder effectively masks unpleasant odors and improves overall hygiene.
2. Disinfection: Lime powder has antimicrobial properties, making it effective in disinfecting surfaces and killing harmful bacteria and pathogens. By reducing the microbial load in sanitary facilities, lime powder helps to prevent the spread of diseases and maintain sanitary conditions.
3. Drying Agent: Lime powder also acts as a drying agent, absorbing moisture and reducing humidity levels in sanitation facilities. This helps to control the growth of mold and mildew, which thrive in moist environments and contribute to unpleasant odors.
4. Solid Waste Treatment: In addition to odor control, lime powder can be used in the treatment of solid waste. It helps to accelerate the decomposition process by raising the pH level of the waste material, promoting the activity of beneficial microorganisms, and reducing odor emissions.

Overall, lime powder is a versatile and effective tool for maintaining cleanliness, controlling odors, and promoting hygiene in sanitary latrines and other sanitation facilities. Its alkaline properties make it particularly suitable for neutralizing acidic compounds and inhibiting the growth of odor-causing bacteria, thus contributing to improved sanitation and public health.