Q1: Boiler rating is normally done in terms of

ANS:B - steam output (tons/hr).

Boiler rating is normally done in terms of steam output (tons/hr). Explanation:

1. Steam Output: The capacity of a boiler is typically expressed in terms of the amount of steam it can produce per unit of time, often measured in tons per hour (t/hr) or kilograms per hour (kg/hr). This indicates the rate at which the boiler can generate steam, which is a crucial factor in determining its performance and suitability for specific applications.
2. Importance of Steam Output: Steam output is a key parameter in assessing the capacity and efficiency of a boiler. It directly relates to the amount of heat energy that the boiler can transfer to the working fluid (water) to produce steam. Higher steam output indicates greater heat transfer capacity, allowing the boiler to meet the demand for steam required by various industrial processes.
3. Other Parameters: While steam output is the primary metric used to rate boilers, other factors such as steam temperature, pressure, heat transfer rate, and heat transfer area are also important in assessing boiler performance and specifications. However, steam output is often considered the most crucial parameter in boiler rating because it directly reflects the boiler's ability to meet the steam demand of a process or facility.
4. Application: Boiler rating based on steam output is widely used in industries where steam is a primary or essential utility, such as power generation, manufacturing, chemical processing, and food production. The steam output rating helps users select the appropriate boiler size and type to meet their specific steam requirements efficiently and reliably.