Q1: Buoyant force

ANS:C - depends on the weight of the floating body.

Buoyant force acts vertically upward on a floating or submerged body and is primarily determined by the displaced volume of fluid, which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced (Archimedes' principle). Let's evaluate each statement:

1. Buoyant force for non-symmetrical bodies is not vertical:
   • This statement is incorrect. Buoyant force always acts vertically upward, regardless of the shape or symmetry of the body. It is a result of the pressure difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the immersed body, causing a net upward force.
2. Buoyant force depends on the depth of the submergence of the floating body:
   • The depth of submergence affects the volume of fluid displaced by the body. However, the buoyant force depends solely on the volume of fluid displaced (Archimedes' principle) and not directly on the depth of submergence.
3. Buoyant force depends on the weight of the floating body:
   • This statement is also incorrect. The buoyant force is determined by the volume of fluid displaced (equal to the volume of the submerged part of the body) and the density of the fluid in which it is immersed, not on the weight of the body itself.

Conclusion:

• Acts vertically upward.
• Depends on the volume of fluid displaced (which is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid).
• Is independent of the depth of submergence or the weight of the floating body itself.