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Fertiliser Technology - Engineering

Q1:

Catalyst used in ammonia synthesis uses __________ as a promoter.

A Pt

B K2O

C Al2O3

D Ni

ANS:B - K2O

The catalyst used in ammonia synthesis uses K2O as a promoter. So, the correct option is: K2O

Potassium oxide (K2O) is a chemical compound composed of potassium (K) and oxygen (O) ions in a 2:1 ratio. It is an ionic solid and is one of the oxides of potassium. Here are some key points about potassium oxide (K2O):
  1. Chemical Properties: Potassium oxide is a basic oxide, meaning it reacts readily with water to form a strongly alkaline solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The reaction between potassium oxide and water is exothermic and produces a significant amount of heat. The chemical equation for this reaction is:
𝐾2𝑂(𝑠)+𝐻2𝑂(𝑙)→2𝐾𝑂𝐻(π‘Žπ‘ž)K2O(s)+H2O(l)→2KOH(aq)
  1. Use as a Catalyst Promoter: In the context of ammonia synthesis, potassium oxide (K2O) is often used as a promoter in the catalyst. The catalyst typically consists of iron (Fe) or iron-based compounds, and the addition of potassium oxide as a promoter helps improve the catalytic activity and selectivity of the catalyst. It enhances the performance of the catalyst in facilitating the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) gases.
  2. Applications: Apart from its use in catalysts for ammonia synthesis, potassium oxide has various other applications. It is used in glass manufacturing as a flux to lower the melting point of silica and improve the flow properties of molten glass. It is also employed in the production of specialty ceramics, as a reagent in chemical synthesis, and as a desiccant (drying agent) to absorb moisture from air or gases.
  3. Safety Considerations: Potassium oxide is highly reactive with water and strong acids, and it can cause burns upon contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. It should be handled with care, and appropriate safety precautions should be taken to prevent accidental exposure.
Overall, potassium oxide is a versatile compound with important applications in various industries, including ammonia synthesis, glass manufacturing, and chemical synthesis. Its use as a promoter in catalysts helps enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of chemical processes such as ammonia synthesis.