Q1: Chemical weathering of soil is caused due to

ANS:E - all the above.

1. Oxidation: Oxidation is a chemical reaction where substances lose electrons. In soil, minerals containing iron (Fe) are particularly susceptible to oxidation, leading to the formation of iron oxides and alteration of the soil's color and properties.
2. Carbonation: Carbonation involves the reaction of minerals with carbon dioxide (CO2) to form carbonic acid. This acid can dissolve minerals such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), commonly found in limestone, resulting in the breakdown of the rock and the release of calcium ions into solution.
3. Hydration: Hydration involves the addition of water molecules to mineral structures, causing expansion and alteration of the mineral composition. This process is particularly significant in the hydration of certain clay minerals, leading to changes in soil texture and properties.
4. Leaching: Leaching refers to the process by which water percolates through the soil, dissolving and carrying away soluble ions and minerals. This process can result in the depletion of nutrients and the alteration of soil chemistry.