Q1: Chezy's constant is suggested by

ANS:A - Bazin

1. Bazin's Formula: Bazin's formula is used to calculate the discharge of water flowing in an open channel, such as a river or canal. It's an empirical equation that relates the discharge, cross-sectional area, hydraulic radius, and slope of the channel to the frictional resistance and roughness characteristics of the channel. The formula is named after French engineer Jules Félix Bazin, who developed it in the 19th century.
2. Kutter's Formula: Kutter's formula is another empirical formula used to calculate the velocity of flow in open channels. It's particularly useful for determining the velocity of flow in channels with trapezoidal or irregular cross-sections. Kutter's formula takes into account the slope of the channel, hydraulic radius, and roughness coefficient. It's named after the Swiss engineer Johann Philibert Kutter, who developed it in the mid-19th century.
3. Manning's Equation: Manning's equation is one of the most widely used empirical formulas for calculating the velocity of flow in open channels. It's particularly popular for natural channels, such as rivers and streams. Manning's equation relates the velocity of flow to the hydraulic radius, slope of the channel, and Manning's roughness coefficient, which quantifies the roughness of the channel boundary. The formula is named after the Irish engineer Robert Manning, who developed it in the mid-19th century.
4. Powell's Method: Powell's method is a numerical approach used to solve the gradually varied flow equations in open channel hydraulics. These equations describe the variation of water surface elevation along the length of a channel under steady flow conditions. Powell's method involves dividing the channel into small segments and iteratively solving the equations to determine the water surface profile. It's named after the American engineer James Caleb Powell, who developed it in the early 20th century.