Q1: Cold chiesel & hammers are made of

ANS:B - high carbon steel

High carbon steel is a type of steel that contains a higher percentage of carbon compared to other types of steel. Generally, any steel with a carbon content above 0.5% is considered high carbon steel. The carbon content typically ranges from 0.6% to 1.5%, although it can sometimes be higher. Here are some key characteristics and properties of high carbon steel:

1. Strength and hardness: High carbon steel is known for its high strength and hardness. The increased carbon content contributes to the formation of hard and strong carbide phases within the steel matrix, which enhances its mechanical properties. This makes high carbon steel suitable for applications requiring resistance to wear, abrasion, and impact.
2. Brittleness: While high carbon steel is strong and hard, it tends to be more brittle compared to low carbon or mild steel. The high carbon content reduces the steel's ability to deform plastically before fracturing, making it more susceptible to sudden failure under heavy loads or impact.
3. Edge retention: High carbon steel is commonly used in cutting tools, such as knives and blades, due to its ability to hold a sharp edge for a long time. The hard carbides present in the steel provide excellent edge retention, making it suitable for applications where cutting performance is critical.
4. Heat treatment: High carbon steel responds well to heat treatment processes such as quenching and tempering, which can further enhance its mechanical properties. Through heat treatment, high carbon steel can achieve a balance of hardness, toughness, and strength tailored to specific applications.
5. Corrosion resistance: High carbon steel is generally more susceptible to corrosion compared to stainless steel or low carbon steel. However, certain alloying elements or surface treatments can be employed to improve its corrosion resistance for specific applications.

High carbon steel finds a wide range of applications in various industries, including automotive, construction, manufacturing, and toolmaking. Its combination of strength, hardness, and edge retention makes it particularly suitable for applications requiring cutting, machining, and wear resistance. However, its brittleness and susceptibility to corrosion may limit its use in certain environments or applications where toughness and corrosion resistance are critical.