ANS:B - both temperature & pressure in the former is more than that

Comparing the sulfate process with the sulfite process, we find that both temperature & pressure in the former is more than that. Comparing the sulfate process with the sulfite process, we find that both temperature and pressure in the former (sulfate process) is more than that due to the following reasons:

Sulfate Process:

1. Higher Temperatures: The sulfate process typically operates at higher temperatures, often around 140-160 °C (284-320 °F). This elevated temperature helps in effectively breaking down wood chips and extracting lignin, making the process more efficient.
2. Higher Pressures: It usually requires higher pressures, often in the range of 5-10 bar (approximately 72-145 psi), to ensure proper reaction kinetics and maximize the yield of the desired products.

Sulfite Process:

1. Lower Temperatures: In contrast, the sulfite process operates at lower temperatures, typically around 100-130 °C (212-266 °F). This lower temperature is sufficient for the reactions involved but limits the efficiency of lignin removal compared to the sulfate process.
2. Lower Pressures: The pressures in the sulfite process are also generally lower, often atmospheric to slightly above, making it less energy-intensive than the sulfate process.

Summary of Comparisons:

Aspect	Sulfate Process	Sulfite Process
Temperature	Higher (140-160 °C)	Lower (100-130 °C)
Pressure	Higher (5-10 bar)	Lower (atmospheric)

Implications:

• Efficiency: The higher temperature and pressure in the sulfate process lead to better yields and more complete breakdown of lignocellulosic materials, making it a preferred method in many industrial applications.
• Product Quality: The sulfate process often results in higher-quality pulp, which is crucial for producing stronger and more durable paper products.

Conclusion:

Thus, in comparing the sulfate and sulfite processes, it is evident that both temperature and pressure in the sulfate process are greater, reflecting the differing operational conditions and efficiencies of these methods in pulp and paper production.