

Fertiliser Technology - Engineering
Q1: Conversion of yellow phosphorus to red phosphorous is done in retorts at 250-450°C in theA presence of an inert atmosphere.
B presence of a reducing atmosphere.
C absence of air.
D presence of an oxidising atmosphere.
ANS:C - absence of air. The conversion of yellow phosphorus to red phosphorus is typically done in retorts at 250-450°C in the absence of air. This process is carried out under controlled conditions to prevent the combustion of yellow phosphorus, which is highly reactive and flammable in the presence of oxygen. By excluding air (oxygen) from the reaction environment, the risk of fire or explosion is minimized, and the conversion can proceed smoothly. Instead, an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon, is often used to maintain an oxygen-free environment and ensure safe handling of the reactive phosphorus material. This allows for the controlled transformation of yellow phosphorus into the more stable and less reactive form known as red phosphorus. The phrase "absence of air" refers to a condition where there is no oxygen present in the surrounding environment. Oxygen is a vital component of air and plays a crucial role in combustion and oxidation reactions. In the context of chemical processes, including the conversion of yellow phosphorus to red phosphorus, maintaining an environment devoid of oxygen is essential for several reasons:
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