Q1: Diaphragm of a surveying telescope is held inside

ANS:D - telescope at the end nearer the eye-piece

The diaphragm of a surveying telescope is typically held inside the telescope tube at its end nearer the objective. The diaphragm, also known as the diaphragm plate or diaphragm ring, is located within the telescope tube, closer to the objective lens. It serves to control the amount of light entering the telescope and can be adjusted to regulate the brightness and clarity of the image seen through the telescope.