Q1: Electrochemical corrosion occurs

ANS:A - where the liquid electrolytes containing free ions are present.

Liquid electrolytes containing free ions can be found in various environments, including:

1. Water: One of the most common electrolytes is water. Even pure water contains a small amount of ions due to self-ionization, where water molecules dissociate into hydronium ions (H3O+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). Additionally, water bodies such as oceans, rivers, and lakes contain various dissolved ions derived from minerals and salts.
2. Acids and Bases: Solutions of acids and bases also contain free ions. Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, while bases release hydroxide ions (OH-). These ions facilitate electrochemical reactions.
3. Saline Solutions: Solutions containing dissolved salts, such as sodium chloride (table salt) or magnesium sulfate, also act as electrolytes. When salts dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions, such as sodium ions (Na+), chloride ions (Cl-), magnesium ions (Mg2+), and sulfate ions (SO4^2-).
4. Industrial Solutions: Electrolytic solutions used in various industrial processes often contain dissolved salts, acids, or bases to facilitate specific chemical reactions. These solutions can include plating baths, cleaning solutions, and electrolytes used in batteries.
5. Biological Systems: Biological fluids like blood and cellular fluids contain electrolytes necessary for cellular function. These electrolytes include ions such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl-), among others.

In each of these environments, the presence of liquid electrolytes containing free ions provides the necessary medium for electrochemical corrosion to occur on metal surfaces. The ions facilitate the flow of electric current between different regions of the metal, leading to oxidation (anodic reaction) and reduction (cathodic reaction) processes that result in the degradation of the metal over time.