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Chemical Engineering Basics

Q1:

For a first order chemical reaction, the concentration of the reactant decreases __________ with time.

A linearly

B exponentially

C logarithmically

D inversely

ANS:B - exponentially

For a first-order chemical reaction, the concentration of the reactant decreases exponentially with time. In a first-order reaction, the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. Mathematically, the rate of decrease in concentration (d[A/dt ]​) of the reactant over time (t) is expressed by the first-order rate law: d[A]/dt ​=−k[A] where:

  • d[A]/dt ​ is the rate of change of the concentration of the reactant over time,
  • k is the rate constant of the reaction,
  • [A] is the concentration of the reactant.
Solving this differential equation, we find that the concentration of the reactant decreases exponentially with time, following the equation: [A]=[A]0​⋅e^−kt where:
  • [A]0​ is the initial concentration of the reactant,
  • e is the base of the natural logarithm,
  • k is the rate constant,
  • t is time.
Therefore, the correct answer is: exponentially
 



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