- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 1
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 2
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 3
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 4
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 5
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 6
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 7
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 8
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 9
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 10
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 11
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 12
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 13
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 14
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 15
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 16
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 17
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 18
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 19
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 20
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 21
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 22
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 23
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 24
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 25
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 26
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 27
- Chemical Engineering Basics - Section 28


Chemical Engineering Basics - Engineering
Q1: For a spontaneous natural process at constant temperature and pressure, the free energy of the system alwaysA increases.
B decreases.
C remains constant.
D increases to a maximum before decreasing.
ANS:A - increases. For a spontaneous natural process at constant temperature and pressure, the free energy of the system always decreases. This statement aligns with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that for a spontaneous process occurring at constant temperature and pressure, the overall entropy of the system and its surroundings increases. The change in free energy (ΔG) for a process is related to the change in entropy (ΔS) and the change in enthalpy (ΔH) through the equation: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS At constant temperature and pressure, the change in free energy (ΔG) is related only to the change in entropy (ΔS). Since the entropy of the system and its surroundings increases for a spontaneous process, ΔS is positive. Therefore, for ΔG to be negative (indicating a spontaneous process), the enthalpy change (ΔH) must be greater than the product of temperature (T) and the change in entropy (ΔS), ensuring that ΔG is negative. In simpler terms, for a spontaneous natural process at constant temperature and pressure, the free energy of the system decreases because the increase in entropy overcomes the enthalpy contribution to the change in free energy. |


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