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Hydraulics - Engineering

Q1:

For critical flow, the Froude number is :

A 1.0

B less than 1.0

C more than 1.0

D 2

ANS:A - 1.0

For critical flow, the Froude number is 1.0. The Froude number (Fr) is a dimensionless number used in fluid mechanics to indicate the relationship between inertial forces and gravitational forces in a flow. It's defined as: Fr=​V​/g⋅D where:

  • V is the velocity of the fluid,
  • g is the acceleration due to gravity, and
  • D is a characteristic length (typically the hydraulic depth or the flow depth for open channel flow).
In critical flow conditions, the Froude number is 1.0. This indicates that the velocity of the fluid is equal to the velocity of gravity waves, and the flow is at the threshold between subcritical and supercritical flow regimes.