Q1: For estimation of heat capacity of a solid compound, one can use

ANS:C - Kopp's rule

For the estimation of heat capacity of a solid compound, one can use Kopp's rule. Kopp's rule is a heuristic rule used in chemistry to estimate the heat capacity of a solid compound based on the heat capacities of its constituent elements. It states that the molar heat capacity of a compound can often be approximated by adding together the atomic heat capacities of its constituent elements, weighted by their relative atomic fractions. This rule is particularly useful for solids, where the constituent atoms are typically closely packed and interact strongly with each other, leading to additive behavior of their heat capacities. It provides a simple method for estimating the heat capacity of solid compounds based on readily available data for individual elements. Kopp's rule is a heuristic principle used in chemistry to estimate the molar heat capacity of a compound based on the heat capacities of its constituent elements. It states that the molar heat capacity of a compound can often be approximated by adding together the atomic heat capacities of its constituent elements, weighted by their relative atomic fractions. Mathematically, Kopp's rule can be expressed as: 𝐶𝑝=∑𝑖𝑥𝑖⋅𝐶𝑝,𝑖Cp​=∑i​xi​⋅Cp,i​ Where:

• 𝐶𝑝Cp​ is the molar heat capacity of the compound,
• 𝑥𝑖xi​ is the mole fraction of the 𝑖𝑡ℎith element in the compound,
• 𝐶𝑝,𝑖Cp,i​ is the molar heat capacity of the 𝑖𝑡ℎith element.

In simpler terms, Kopp's rule suggests that the heat capacity of a compound is the weighted sum of the heat capacities of its constituent elements, where the weighting is based on the relative amounts of each element present in the compound. Kopp's rule is particularly useful for solids, where the constituent atoms are typically closely packed and interact strongly with each other. In these cases, the heat capacity of the compound can often be reasonably estimated using the heat capacities of its constituent elements. However, it's important to note that Kopp's rule is an empirical rule and may not always provide accurate predictions, especially for complex compounds or under extreme conditions. Nonetheless, it serves as a useful guideline for estimating heat capacities in many practical situations.