Q1: For which pair of the fuel gases, calorific value (C.V.) of one fuel is almost double that of the other on volume basis (i.e., kcal/Nm³) while the C.V. is same on weight basis (i.e., kcal/kg) ?

ANS:D - B.F gas and coke oven gas

B.F. gas and coke oven gas are by-products of different stages in the process of producing iron and coke from iron ore. Here's an explanation of each:

1. B.F. Gas (Blast Furnace Gas):
   • B.F. gas is generated during the smelting of iron ore in a blast furnace.
   • In the blast furnace, iron ore is heated with coke (a form of carbon) and limestone in the presence of air to produce molten iron and slag.
   • As the iron ore is reduced to iron, gases are produced as by-products of the chemical reactions occurring in the furnace.
   • B.F. gas is primarily composed of carbon monoxide (CO), with smaller amounts of hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and other gases.
   • The composition of B.F. gas can vary depending on factors such as the type of iron ore and the operating conditions of the blast furnace.
   • B.F. gas is often used as a fuel in various industrial processes, such as heating furnaces and boilers, or it may be used as a raw material in the production of chemicals.
2. Coke Oven Gas:
   • Coke oven gas is generated during the production of coke from coal in a coke oven.
   • In the coke oven, coal is heated in the absence of air to produce coke, a porous carbonaceous material used as a fuel and reducing agent in blast furnaces.
   • As the coal is heated, volatile components are released from the coal and collected as coke oven gas.
   • Coke oven gas is primarily composed of hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and small amounts of other hydrocarbons such as ethylene and benzene.
   • The composition of coke oven gas can vary depending on factors such as the type of coal and the operating conditions of the coke oven.
   • Coke oven gas is often used as a fuel in various industrial processes, such as heating furnaces, boilers, and power generation plants. It can also be processed to remove impurities and produce valuable chemicals.

In summary, B.F. gas is generated during the smelting of iron ore in a blast furnace, while coke oven gas is generated during the production of coke from coal in a coke oven. Both gases have different compositions and applications, but they are commonly used as fuels in various industrial processes.