Q1: Heat flux is the time rate of heat transfer per unit

ANS:B - area

Area, in the context of heat transfer and heat flux, refers to the surface area through which heat is transferred. When we talk about heat flux, we are concerned with the amount of heat transferred per unit area per unit time. For example, if you have a flat surface like a wall or a plate, the area would be the surface area of that wall or plate. Heat flux would then represent the amount of heat transferred through each unit of that surface area per unit of time. Similarly, if you're considering a pipe, the area would be the cross-sectional area of the pipe through which heat is being transferred. Heat flux in this case would be the amount of heat transferred per unit cross-sectional area of the pipe per unit time. Understanding the area involved is crucial because it directly affects the amount of heat being transferred. The larger the area, the more heat can be transferred (assuming all other factors remain constant). Similarly, a smaller area would result in less heat transfer for the same heat flux.