Q1: Hydraulic ram is a device

ANS:A - for lifting water without an electric motor

A hydraulic ram is a device designed to lift water to a higher elevation without the need for an external power source like an electric motor. Instead, it utilizes the kinetic energy of flowing water to accomplish this task. Here's how a hydraulic ram works:

1. Water Source: The hydraulic ram is typically installed in a location where there is a flowing water source, such as a stream or a river.
2. Flowing Water: As water flows through a pipe towards the hydraulic ram, it possesses kinetic energy due to its movement.
3. Valve Operation: The hydraulic ram contains valves that operate based on the flow and pressure of the water. These valves control the direction of water flow within the device.
4. Pressure Build-up: When water enters the hydraulic ram, it encounters a check valve that only allows water to flow in one direction. This creates a pressure surge or water hammer effect.
5. Pressure Release and Lifting: The pressure surge causes a second valve, called the waste valve, to close suddenly. This redirects the water flow, forcing a portion of the water to be lifted to a higher elevation through an outlet pipe connected to the hydraulic ram.
6. Cycle Repeats: After the pressure surge subsides, the waste valve opens again, allowing the cycle to repeat continuously as long as there is flowing water and demand for lifting water to a higher elevation.

The key principle behind a hydraulic ram is its ability to harness the energy from the flowing water to pump a portion of that water to a higher elevation. This makes it a sustainable and efficient way to lift water without relying on external power sources like electric motors. It's often used in remote areas or locations where access to electricity is limited or unavailable.