Q1: If deflection angles are measured in a closed traverse, the difference between the sum of the right-hand and that of the left hand angles should be equal to

ANS:D - 360°

In the Clockwise direction, the summation of deflection angles gives the sum of exterior angles and in an anti-clockwise direction, interior angles.

So, the difference comes out to be 360°.
Sum of exterior angles-sum of interior angles of any closed traverse=360° In theodolite surveying, measurement of deflection angle between 0° - 180° but in closed traversing sum of all deflection angles = 360°. The summation is 0 and the difference is 360. We consider left-hand angles as negative and right-hand angles as positive.

So, obviously, their algebraic summation is 0 and their algebraic difference is 360.