UPSC Civil Service Exam Questions - Engineering

Q1:

If the methyl orange alkalinity of water equals or exceeds total hardness, all of the harness is

A non-carbonate hardness

B carbonate hardness

C pseudo hardness

D negative non-carbonate hardness

ANS:B - carbonate hardness

If total alkalinity;hardness.

Then total hardness = carbonate hardness.
And if alkalinity < hardness.
Total alkalinity = carbonate hardness.