Q1: In a binary system, separation is very efficient, when the relative volatility is

ANS:B - > 1

In a binary system, separation is very efficient when the relative volatility is greater than 1. Relative volatility (𝛼α) is defined as the ratio of the vapor pressures of the two components in a binary mixture. Mathematically, it is expressed as: 𝛼=𝑃A∗𝑃B∗α=PB∗​PA∗​​ Where:

• 𝑃A∗PA∗​ is the vapor pressure of component A at a given temperature.
• 𝑃B∗PB∗​ is the vapor pressure of component B at the same temperature.

When the relative volatility is greater than 1 (i.e., 𝛼>1α>1), it indicates that component A is more volatile than component B. In such cases, the difference in vapor pressures between the two components is significant, and they tend to separate efficiently during distillation processes. Higher relative volatility implies a more significant difference in the volatilities of the components, which leads to better separation efficiency. Therefore, separation is most efficient when the relative volatility is greater than 1.