ANS:C - both gas as well as liquid streams should be distributed uniformly.

In a gas-liquid absorption column, uniform distribution of both gas and liquid streams is crucial for maximizing absorption efficiency. Let's break down why:

1. Gas Distribution: Uniform distribution of the gas phase ensures that it comes into contact with the liquid phase evenly throughout the column. If the gas is not distributed uniformly, some areas may experience higher gas concentrations while others may have lower concentrations. This uneven distribution can lead to inefficient absorption, as some portions of the liquid may be inadequately exposed to the gas, resulting in incomplete absorption of the desired components.
2. Liquid Distribution: Similarly, uniform distribution of the liquid phase ensures that it covers the entire cross-sectional area of the column evenly. If the liquid is not distributed uniformly, certain sections of the column may receive more liquid than others. This can create stagnant zones where gas-liquid contact is limited, reducing the overall efficiency of absorption. Uniform liquid distribution helps maximize the surface area available for contact with the gas phase, promoting thorough mixing and mass transfer.

By ensuring both gas and liquid streams are distributed uniformly, the absorption column can operate at its maximum efficiency, allowing for effective transfer of components from the gas phase to the liquid phase. This uniform distribution minimizes the risk of channeling and ensures that all parts of the column contribute effectively to the absorption process.