Chemical Engineering Basics - Engineering

Q1:

In a neutral solution

A H+ ions are absent.

B OH- ions are absent.

C both H+ and OH- ions are present in very small but equal concentration.

D none of these.

ANS:C - both H+ and OH- ions are present in very small but equal concentration.

In a neutral solution, both H⁺ (hydrogen ions) and OH⁻ (hydroxide ions) ions are present in very small but equal concentrations. Explanation:

  • In water, a small fraction of water molecules undergo self-ionization, producing equal amounts of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions through the reaction: H₂O ⇌ H⁺ + OH⁻.
  • In a neutral solution, the concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions are equal, and their product (H⁺ concentration multiplied by OH⁻ concentration) equals the dissociation constant for water, which is approximately 1 x 10^-14 M² at 25°C.
  • This means that the concentration of H⁺ ions is equal to the concentration of OH⁻ ions, resulting in a neutral pH.