Chemical Engineering Basics - Engineering

Q1:

In case of compression of one kg of air, the work done will be the least, when the value of polytropic index 'n' is

A 1

B 1.4

C 1.5

D Y = Cp/Cv

ANS:A - 1

The work done during the compression of one kilogram of air is minimized when the value of the polytropic index (n) is equal to 1. Explanation:

  1. Polytropic Process:
    • The compression or expansion of a gas can be described by a polytropic process, which is a reversible process during which the pressure (P) and volume (V) of the gas are related by the equation =constantPVn=constant, where �n is the polytropic index.
    • The polytropic index (n) characterizes the specific type of process:
      • If n=1, the process is isothermal (constant temperature).
      • If n>1, the process is polytropic compression (adiabatic, but not isothermal).
      • If n<1, the process is polytropic expansion (adiabatic, but not isothermal).
  2. Work Done in Compression:
    • The work done (W) during the compression of one kilogram of air can be calculated using the formula: W=1−nP1​V1​−P2​V2​​
    • Where P1​ and V1​ are the initial pressure and volume, P2​ and V2​ are the final pressure and volume, and n is the polytropic index.
  3. Minimization of Work Done:
    • To minimize the work done during compression, we want to minimize the expression P1​V1​−P2​V2​​.
    • This expression is minimized when n is equal to 1. When n=1, the polytropic process becomes isothermal, and the work done during compression reduces to the minimum value for the given initial and final states.
  4. Conclusion:
    • Therefore, the work done during the compression of one kilogram of air is minimized when the value of the polytropic index (n) is equal to 1.
In summary, the work done during compression of one kilogram of air is minimized when the polytropic index (n) is equal to 1, corresponding to an isothermal compression process.