Q1: In electrical resistance welding, distortion results from the use of improper

ANS:A - clamping methods

In electrical resistance welding, distortion can result from various factors, including:

1. Clamping Methods: Improper clamping methods or inadequate fixture design can lead to uneven distribution of pressure on the workpieces during welding. This uneven pressure distribution can cause distortion, especially in thin or flexible materials.
2. Electrodes: Electrode design and condition are critical in resistance welding. Poorly designed or worn electrodes may not apply uniform pressure or current to the workpieces, resulting in uneven heating and potential distortion.
3. Current: The magnitude and distribution of welding current influence the heat generation and distribution during resistance welding. Excessive current levels or improper current distribution can lead to localized overheating and distortion in the welded components.
4. Filler Material: While electrical resistance welding typically does not involve the use of filler material, the presence of contaminants or foreign materials between the workpieces can affect the welding process. These contaminants can disrupt the electrical contact between the workpieces and electrodes, leading to inconsistent heating and potential distortion.