ANS:C - frother

A frother is a chemical additive used in the flotation process to generate and stabilize a fine foam or froth on the surface of the flotation cell. This foam helps to carry the hydrophobic particles (target minerals) to the surface, where they can be collected, while leaving the hydrophilic particles (unwanted minerals) in the pulp. The main functions of frothers are:

1. Foam Formation: Frothers reduce the surface tension of the liquid, allowing air bubbles to form and stabilize as a froth on the surface of the flotation cell.
2. Bubble Stability: They help maintain the stability and persistence of the froth, preventing it from breaking down prematurely.
3. Particle Entrainment: Frothers aid in the attachment of hydrophobic particles to the air bubbles, ensuring efficient separation of valuable minerals from the ore.