Q1: Isotropic materials have the same __________ in all the directions.

ANS:B - elastic properties

Isotropic materials have the same elastic properties in all directions. Explanation:

1. Isotropic Materials: Isotropic materials are those that exhibit the same mechanical properties (such as elasticity, thermal expansion, and strength) in all directions. This means that regardless of the direction in which forces are applied or measurements are taken, the material behaves the same.
2. Elastic Properties: Elastic properties refer to the ability of a material to deform under an applied load and return to its original shape when the load is removed. These properties include parameters such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio.
3. Thermal Properties: Thermal properties refer to how a material responds to changes in temperature, including parameters such as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, and specific heat capacity. While isotropic materials may also have uniform thermal properties in all directions, the term "isotropic" specifically pertains to mechanical properties.
4. Stresses: Stresses are not necessarily the same in all directions for isotropic materials. While isotropic materials exhibit uniform elastic properties in all directions, the distribution of stresses within the material depends on the applied loads and the material's geometry and boundary conditions.