ANS:B - specific gravity

The Lane and Garton classification of petroleum is based on its specific gravity. Specific gravity is a measure of the density of a substance compared to the density of water. In the context of petroleum classification:

• Lane and Garton Classification: This classification system categorizes petroleum based on its specific gravity into various types, such as light, intermediate, and heavy oils. This classification is useful for determining the properties and potential uses of different types of crude oil.
• Specific Gravity: For crude oil, specific gravity provides insights into its density and thus its composition of hydrocarbons (lighter or heavier fractions) and impurities (such as sulfur content). Lighter oils generally have a higher specific gravity, indicating they are less dense and contain more volatile, lighter hydrocarbons. Heavier oils have a lower specific gravity, indicating denser, more viscous compositions.