Q1: Leaching of sugar from sugar beets is done by

ANS:A - hot water

Using hot water for leaching of sugar from sugar beets involves soaking or immersing the sugar beets in hot water to facilitate the extraction of sugar from the beet pulp. Here's how the process typically works:

1. Sugar beets are harvested and cleaned to remove dirt and debris.
2. The cleaned sugar beets are sliced or shredded to increase the surface area for extraction.
3. The sliced or shredded sugar beets are then immersed or soaked in hot water.
4. The hot water helps to soften the cell walls of the beet pulp, allowing the sugar to dissolve and leach out into the water.
5. The resulting mixture, known as raw juice, contains dissolved sugar along with other substances extracted from the sugar beets.
6. The raw juice is then further processed to remove impurities and concentrate the sugar solution.
7. The concentrated sugar solution can be crystallized to produce various sugar products.

Hot water is used in this process because the elevated temperature helps to accelerate the extraction of sugar from the beet pulp. The heat softens the cell walls of the beet pulp, allowing the sugar to dissolve more readily into the water. Additionally, hot water can improve the efficiency of the extraction process by increasing the rate of diffusion of sugar molecules out of the beet pulp. Overall, using hot water for leaching of sugar from sugar beets is a common and effective method for extracting sugar from the beet pulp, contributing to the production of various sugar products.