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Fertiliser Technology - Engineering

Q1:

Neutralisation of nitric acid with ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate is a/an __________ reaction.

A catalytic

B endothermic

C exothermic

D autocatalytic

ANS:C - exothermic

An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings. In the context of neutralization of nitric acid with ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate:

  1. Nitric acid (HNO3) reacts with ammonia (NH3) to form ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and water (H2O).
  2. During this reaction, chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.
  3. The formation of bonds in the products releases more energy than is required to break the bonds in the reactants.
  4. As a result, excess energy in the form of heat is released into the surroundings, making the reaction exothermic.
  5. The reaction mixture becomes warmer as heat is generated, and the surroundings absorb this heat energy.
Exothermic reactions often occur spontaneously and may involve the release of light or heat. They are characterized by a decrease in the enthalpy (heat content) of the system, resulting in a negative change in enthalpy (∆H < 0).